Greenish-gray clouds swept down upon them, turning yellow as they traveled over the country blasting everything they touched and shriveling up the vegetation. figures running wildly in confusion over the fields. 2 A British soldier described the pandemonium that flowed from the front lines to the rear. Within a matter of minutes, this slow moving wall of gas killed more than 1000 French and Algerian soldiers, while wounding approximately 4000 more. The surprise use of chlorine gas allowed the Germans to rupture the French line along a 6-kilometer (3.7-mile) front, causing terror and forcing a panicked and chaotic retreat. Disregarding intelligence reports about the strange cylinders prior to the attack, the French troops were totally unprepared for this new and horrifying weapon. The order to release the gas was entrusted to German military meteorologists, who had carefully studied the area’s prevailing wind patterns. Filled with pressurized liquid chlorine, the cylinders had been clandestinely installed by the Germans more than 3 weeks earlier. Within 10 minutes, 160 tons of chlorine gas drifted over the opposing French trenches, engulfing all those downwind. These data are also available from the Communicable Diseases Australia website.IN THE LATE AFTERNOON OF April 22, 1915, members of a special unit of the German Army opened the valves on more than 6000 steel cylinders arrayed in trenches along their defensive perimeter at Ypres, Belgium. In 1991 the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System was established and data from this point onwards has been published in the Commonwealth Department of Health's journal Communicable Diseases Intelligence. Notifiable diseases surveillance, 1917 to 1991 data (MS Excel file 434KB) The file contains numbers of notifications for each of the recorded categories by State or Territory and by year, Australian Bureau of Statistics mid-year population estimates by State or territory and by year, national notification rates by recorded category by year and recoding rules. Notifiable diseases surveillance, 1917 to 1991 (PDF file 529KB)ĭata presented in this article are available as a Excel spreadsheet file. These sources have been used to prepare an historical overview of notifiable diseases in Australia from 1917 to 1991. Additionally, the Commonwealth Department of Health and its successors have published data in the Department's Annual Report. After the war the Commonwealth Year Book published the data and this continued to the time of writing this report. From 1924 until the Second World War data were published in Health, the journal of the former Commonwealth Department of Health. For the years 1917 to 1922 national data were published in the Medical Journal of Australia. These data have been collected on a national basis since 1917. This legislation has required medical practitioners, and some other classes of people, to notify health authorities of certain communicable and other diseases. Notifiable diseases data are collected by States and Territories under their public health legislation. This report was compiled by Dr Robert Hall and published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence in 1993 ( Commun Dis Intell 1993 17:226-236). This report prepared in 1993 by Dr Robert Hall, and published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence, provides an historical overview of notifiable diseases in Australia from 1917 to 1991. Notifiable diseases surveillance, 1917 to 1991 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health.
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